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Olongapo City/ Subic/ Quezon City/Alabang, Central Luzon/ NCR, Philippines
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Tuesday, July 23, 2013

The Second Semester of Academic Year 2012-2013 is a remarkable year for San Beda Alabang School of Law because our dear college responded to the call for environmental awareness and consciousness in the legal profession and academic field by offering the course Natural Resources and Environmental Law for sophomore students.

This course is being handled by two of our highly esteemed faculty members:
Ambassador Amado Tolentino known to be the Father of Environmental Law of the Philippines; and
Atty. Antonio Oposa Jr. known for his doctrine of  inter-generational responsibility for children and future generation.

The student body responded to this call with much  passion and zeal, more than just substantial compliance to the course requirements because the pioneering classes paved the way for the creation of the newest organization here at SBCA-SOL, The Environmental Law Society.

Allow me to share with you our so called Green Report Card for the past academic year:
1. San Beda "Organic Vegetable Garden."
2. Interview with Former Senator Nene Pimentel regarding the Role of Local Government Units in the implementation of laws related to the protection and conservation of our environment.
3. National Youth Commission Visitation
4. Clean Air Philippines Visitation
5. Bantayan, Cebu Noise Pollution Case
6. Environmental Action Forum: Be Informed, Be Ignited, Be Involved.
7. Organization Launching
8. Oath-taking of Officers
9. Tie-up with LEON San Beda College of Law, Manila

In the coming days, months, or even years, we hope to organize more environmental related activities in our college so that our student body will not only be just Red Lions but Green Lions as well who are advocates for protection of the air, water, animals, plants and other natural resources from pollution or its effects.

Thank you all and God bless.

CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH: EXAMPLES OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION


"Modern environmentalism is driven by a yearning to protect what we haven't ruined already, to conserve what we haven't used up, to restore as much as possible what we haven't destroyed and to drive ways of recognizing our lives so that civilization as we know it can be sustained through our children's life time and beyond  Green Metropolis” -David Owen

What used to be only a figment of the imagination or perhaps a nightmare to the generations of ages ago is now shaking the present generation wide-awake to reality. One hour it is sunny and next thing you will know the rain is pouring, the streets are flooded, and you could not remember whether you brought the umbrella because it is hot outside or it is your contingency plan in case it rains.

Climate Change is now slowly becoming a household term, what used to be the main concern of the environmentalists is now a layman’s term. As much as we would like to turn back the hands of time to erase what has already been done, what we can do for now is to cope and slow down its side effect. Below are some of the adaptation measures being implemented from around the world in order to keep up with climate change.

Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change is vital in order to reduce the impacts of climate change that are happening now and increase resilience to future impacts. [1]Adaptation to global warming is a response to climate change that seeks to reduce the vulnerability of biological systems to climate change effects."[2] Even if emissions are alleviated relatively soon, climate change and its effects will last many years, and adaptation will be necessary.[3] Climate change adaptation is especially important in developing countries since those countries are predicted to bear the burden of the effects of climate change.[4]
1.      The use of artificial snow-making in the European Alps.[5] There is a risk that the unfavourable snow conditions will lead to a decrease in the demand for ski tourism in the European Alps. Many have predicted that for popular resorts to continue running there will be a reliance on artificial snow makers to provide sufficient snow cover for the tourists. However there are significant disadvantages to the extensive use of snow making technology as described by Koenig and Abegg (1997:55): (1) The already existing problem of the lack of water supply for artificial snow-making; (2) Rising temperatures due to global warming will also endanger the snow production; The ecological impacts of artificial snow-making in the alpine area have to be taken in consideration (for example the impacts on the flora and fauna)."[6]

2.      Adaptation Through Local Planning- Local land use and municipal planning represent important avenues for adaptation to global warming. These forms of planning are recognized as central to avoiding the impacts of climate related hazards such as floods and heat stress, planning for demographic and consumption transition, and plans for ecosystem conservation.[7] At the local scale, municipalities are at the coal face of adaptation where impacts are experienced in the forms of inundation, bushfires, heatwaves and rising sea levels.[8] Some examples of these adaptations through local planning are as follows:
a.       Changing to water permeable pavements to absorb higher rainfalls and adding air conditioning in public schools, New York and other cities are involved in similar planning.[9] [10] [11]
b.      Carefully planned water storage could help urban areas adapt to increasingly severe storms by increasing rainwater storage (domestic water butts, unpaved gardens etc.) and increasing the capacity of stormwater systems (and also separating stormwater from blackwater, so that overflows in peak periods do not contaminate rivers).
c.       Changing to heat tolerant tree varieties. [12]

3.      According to English Nature, gardeners can help mitigate the effects of climate change by providing habitats for the most threatened species, and/or saving water by changing gardens to use plants which require less.[13]

4.      Using small planting basins to 'harvest' water in Zimbabwe.[14] It is noted that, in response to increased demand for food and power supplies, many developing country governments with fast-growing economies have recently invested in large dams. The benefits of these projects in terms of storing water for crop irrigation were clear, it said, "but so are the adverse social and environmental impacts." As examples of the value of small-scale storage options, the study cited field studies that have proven the effectiveness of using small planting basins to "harvest" water. In Zimbabwe, such basins have been shown to boost maize yields, whether rainfall is abundant or scarce. In Niger, they have led to three- or four-fold increases in millet yields.[15]

5.      Russian and American scientists have in the past tried to control the weather, for example by seeding clouds with chemicals to try to produce rain when and where it is needed.[16]
6.      Solar radiation management, such as space sunshade, creating stratospheric sulfur aerosols and painting roofing and paving materials white.[17]
7.      Hydrological geoengineering - typically seeking to preserve sea ice or adjust thermohaline circulation by using methods such as diverting rivers to keep warm water away from sea ice, or tethering icebergs to prevent them drifting into warmer waters and melting.[18]
8.      Using the principle of ‘road sharing in particular,” the roads must be transformed to follow the simple principle that “those who have less in wheels must have more in roads” to favor non-motorized transportation system such as cycling and walking and man-powered mini-trains.[19]
9.      Carpooling- Carpooling, using transit, walking, bicycling, or telecommuting–just one day a week for a year–can save typical commuters about 1,200 miles on their vehicles and reduce their CO2 emissions by over half a ton per year.[20]
10.  Telecommute – Work at home sometimes. You'll save time and money, and reduce traffic congestion and CO2 emissions. Americans spend more than 200 hours commuting each year – equal to 5 weeks of vacation! (The average daily round-trip commute takes about 50 minutes.)[21]




[1] http://unfccc.int/adaptation/items/4159.php                                                                                                                     
[2] UNFCCC Glossary of Climate Change Acronyms". Accessed October 24, 2010
[3] Farber, Daniel A. Adapting to Climate Change: Who Should Pay"], 23 FLA. ST. U. J. LAND USE & ENVTL. L. 1, 8 (2007)
[4] Cole, Daniel A. "Climate Change, Adaptation, and Development", 26 UCLA J. ENVTL. L. & POL’Y 1, 3 (2008)
[5] “Climate Change Imapct on Tourism” from https://sites.google.com/site/climatechangeimpactsontourism/home/case-study---european-alps, accessed Juloy 13, 2013. The Alps is one of the great mountain ranges located between oceanic and continental Europe, running from Austria and Slovenia through Italy and Switzerland until it reaches Germany and France in the west.  For many alpine areas of the Alps, winter tourism is the predominant form of income, as the Alps is one of the world's most popular destination for skiing holidays.  For example, in Austria tourism is one of the largest forms of industry, often accounting for a large percentage of their GDP annually (Viner and Agnew 1999: 18).  Other than tourism the Alps are a crucial source of water supply for a significant proportion of Europe.  According to a report in 2009 by the European Environment Agency :  'The Alps are responsible for responsible for a disproportionately high contribution to the total discharge of the four major rivers — mainly Danube, Rhine, Po and Rhone — flowing from the region, from 26 % (Danube) to 53 % (Po). Most of the major European rivers have their headwaters in the Alps and their discharge is transported via river systems to lower-lying areas. The Alps are crucial for water accumulation and water supply and therefore they are often referred to as natural 'water towers'. (2009:17) 

[6] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/ in “Climate Change Imapct on Tourism” from https://sites.google.com/site/climatechangeimpactsontourism/home/case-study---european-alps, accessed Juloy 13, 2013.
[7] Local landuse and municipal planning represent important avenues for adaptation to global warming. These forms of planning are recognised as central to avoiding the impacts of climate related hazards such as floods and heat stress, planning for demographic and consumption transition, and plans for ecosystem conservation
[8] Preston, B.L., Brooke, C., Measham, T.G., Smith, T.F., Gorddard, R. (2009) Igniting change in local government: Lessons learned from a bushfire vulnerability assessment. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 14 (3) pp. 251-283 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-008-9163-4
[9] Koch, Wendy (2011-08-15). "Cities combat climate change". USA Today.
[10] Revkin, Andrew C. (2011-05-23). "Cities Embrace the Adaptation Imperative". The New York Times.
[11] http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=all-climate-is-local
[12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_to_global_warming
[13] Jowit, Juliette (2006-06-11). "Gardeners can slow climate change". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 2010-04-23.
[14] Barker, T. (2007). 11.2.2 Ocean fertilization and other geo-engineering options. In (book chapter): Mitigation from a cross-sectoral perspective. In: Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (B. Metz et al. (eds.)). Print version: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. This version: IPCC website. ISBN 978-0-521-88011-4. Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
[15] “Diverse Waters Sources Seen as Key to Food Security” Reporting by Kate Kelland; Editing by Kevin Liffey, http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/09/07/us-climate-water-idUSTRE68500820100907, accessed July 13, 2013.
[16] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_to_global_warming
[17] Ibid.
[18] Ibid.
[19] The Road Sharing Movement Concept Paper.
[20]http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/climate_change/adaptation/resources_and_publications/ten_steps/index.cfm
[21] Ibid.

Saturday, May 18, 2013

Cuando Pienso En Ti




Pienso en ti
Tu eres en mi corazon para siempre
Los pensamientos de ustedes me consumen
Lo imposible se hace posible
Lo insoportable se hace soportable
El débil se vuelve fuerte
La difícil se vuelve fácil
La oscuridad se convierte en brillante
La solitaria tenía una que alguien
Porque en mi corazón tú estás conmigo

escrito por Vmmc

Wednesday, May 15, 2013

Mapanuring papel para sa artikulong: Time, History and The Social Sciences: Braudel


                Ang diskusyon tungkol sa paggamit ng panahon ang isa sa mga pinakama-argumentong paksa ayon kay Fernan Braudel. Pinagdidiskusyonan ang gamit nito hindi lamang ng mga dalubhasa at mag-aaral ng kasaysayan kung hindi pati na rin ng mga nabibilang sa larangan ng Agham Panlipunan.
            Batay sa artikulo, kadalasan naiisang-tabi ang kahalagahan ng mahabang panahon at naitutuon ang pansin sa mga maliliit na pangyayari kung saan higit na kapansin-pansin ang aksyon ng mga kaganapan. Subalit batay sa artikulo na sinasang-ayunan din naman ng mananalaysay mahalaga ang pag-uugnay sa mga maliit na pangyayari mula sa nakalipas upang mas mauunawaan ang kalikasan ng buong kaganapan.
           Noong ika-19 na dantaon nagkaroon ng unti-unti bagaman hindi lubusang pagtiwalag mula sa tradisyonal na historiograpiya. Nakabatay dati-rati sa kronolohiya ng mga panahon ang pagsususulat ng kasaysayan. Subalit nagkaroon ng pagtuon sa mga bagong sentro ng pagsusulat tulad ng na kantitatibong pananaliksik (quantitative research) at pagpapahalaga sa mga istruktura na kabahagi realidad na maaring nanatili o maari rin namang unti-unting naagnas.  
            Kaalinsabay sa pag-aaral ng mga istruktura mahalaga rin ang pagsasagawa ng mga reskonstrukyson Nangangahulugan ito ng malalalimang pagsisiyasat na maaring magpa-simple o kaya naman ay mas lalung magpa-kumplika sa tunay na kalikasan ng mga pangyayari.
            Bukod sa mga diskusyon sa mahaba at maiksing panahon sa kasaysayn, binigyang diskusyon din ni Braudel ang mga umuusbong na methodolohiya sa pagsasalikik sa agham panlipunan tulad ng komunikasyon at matematika. Binigyang diskusyon din niya ang unconscious history na kung saan hindi namamalayan ng tao na kabahagi siya sa pagbuo ng kasaysayan. Mga modelo na nangangahulugang hipotesis at mga sistemang eksplanatoryo na binubuo ng mga pantayan at panksyon gayundin ang panlipunang matematika (social mathematics) na binubuo ng mga pinag-lupon na mga konsepto ng impormasyon, matematika at kalitatibong matematika. Bukod sa mga ito, binigyang talakay din ni Braudel ang kaibahan ng paggamit ng panahon sa kasaysayan at sosyolohiya na bibigyang depenisyon sa mga konspeto sa ibabang bahagi.
            Matapos basahin ang artikulo hindi maitatanggi ang kahalagahan ng panahon sa pag-unawa ng paksa na ating inaaral. Mapapatunayan dito, na hindi maaring baliwalain ang pagpapahalaga sa konteksto ng panahon kahit na kadalasan ay nililimitihan tayo nito. Sapagkat kapag lubusan itong naunawaan, mas maiintindihan ang paksa na inaaral at makatutulong ito upang maiwasan ang mga pag-kiling at maunawaan na ang mga kaganapan sa nakalipas ay maaring pag-aralan subalit hindi maaring husgahan dahil maraming salik ang magkakaiba na hindi maaring ihambing sa kasalukuyang panahon.
MGA KONSPEPTO:
1.PANAHON (TIME)- Binubuo nito hindi lamang ang sustansya ng nakalipas, kinapapalooban din ito ng mga hibla ng buhay panlipunan ng kasalukuyan.
2. MAIKSING PANAHON SA KASAYSAYAN- Panahon batay sa pagkakaunawa ng isang indibidwal , panahon sa pang-araw-araw na buhay, mga panaginip, at mga superpisyal na kamalayan ng nakalipas. Panahon batay sa pagkakaunawa ng mga manunulat sa pahayagan o talaarawan.
3. KASAYSAYAN SA LOOB NG MAHABANG PANAHON- pagtingin sa kasaysayan hindi lamang batay sa mga pangyayari, ginagamitan ito ng pagtanaw hanggang sa ilang daang taon ang nakalipas upang mapag-aralan ang mga institusyon, relihiyon at sibilisasyon.
4. PANAHON PARA SA MGA HISTORYADOR- ang panahon ay ang umpisa at katapusan ng bawat bagay, ang panahon na parehong matematikal at malikhain, isang katangi-tanging nosyon, isang puwersa na nasa labas ng sangkatauhan na kumokontrol na dinadala ang ating mga mga personal na alaala, panahon ng mundo na walang sinuman ang hinihintay.
5. PANAHON PARA SA MGA SOSYOLOHIYA- Ang panlipunang panahon (social time) ay pawing iisang dimension ng kahit anung panlipunang reyalidad na inoobserbahan o pinag-aaralan.
             

Tuesday, May 14, 2013

Syllabus of Ms. Cruz



Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas
Akademikong Taon,  2013-2014

Inihanda ni:
Bb. Valerie May M. Cruz
MA/BA Kasaysayan UP, Diliman
San Beda College, Alabang
School of Law



Kabanata 1: Pag-aaral ng Kasaysayan: Isang Introduksyon
  • Kahulugan ng Kasaysayan
  • Kasaysayan ng Kasaysayan
  • Kaparaanan ng Kasaysayan
  • Kasayasayan bilang Humanidades at Panitikan Bilang Kasaysayan

Sanggunian:

History and Culture, Language and Literature: Selected Essays of Teodoro A. Agoncillo edited by Dr. Bernardita Reyes Churchill.

Philippine History and Institutions In the General Education Program ni Teodoro A. Agoncillo.

Bagong Kasaysayan sa Wikang Filipino: Kalikasan, Kaparaanan at Pagsasakasaysayan ni A.M. Navarro sa Philippine Social Sciences Review Volume 55 Nos. 1-4 January –December 1998, 103-146.


Kabanata 2: Mga Pag-aaral Hinggil sa Pinagmulan ng Pilipinas
·        Ang mga Austronesiano- Paglilinaw ng Konsepto
·        Ang Hypotesis ni Peter Bellwood- Out of Taiwan Hypothesis o OOT
·        Ang Nusantao Maritime Communication Network o NMTCN ni Wilhelm Solheim

Sanggunian:

ARALIN 1 Pagsibol ng Lahing Pilipino at Kapaligiran ni Jaime B. Veneracion at Ma. Luisa L. Bolinao sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 1-14.


Bellwood and Solheim: Models of Neolithic Movements of People in Southeast Asia and the Pacific ni Catherine T. Flessen
Sangguniang elektroniko:



Kabanata 3: Ang Pilipinas Bago Ang Panahon ng Kolonisasyon
·        Ang Kultura at Paraan ng Pamumuhay ng mga Sinaunang Pilipino
·        Ang Pagdating at ang Paglaganap ng Islam
·        Ang Ugnayan sa Pagitan ng mga Sinaunang Pilipino at Iba’t-ibang Grupo ng tao sa Asya Bago ang Pagdating ng mga Espanyol

Sanggunian:

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp. 21-68.

Aralin 3: Ang Paglilinang ng Kabihasnan at Bayan nina Fe B. Mangahas, Ma. Bernadette G.L. Abrera at Carlos P. Tatel sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 32-59.

Aralin  4: Pagbubuo ng Kalinangan at Kamalayang Bayan nina Regulus P. Tantoco, Ma. Bernadette G.L. Abrera at Dante L. Ambrosio sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 59-88.

Aralin 5: Ang Bayan Hanggang Pagkabuo ng Sultanato nina Noel V. Teodoro at Mary Jane B. Rodriguez sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 88-113.

Class Structure in the UnHispanized Philippines ni William Henry Scott sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 59-73.

Kaalamang Bayang Dalumat ng Pagkatao ng Pilipino ni Prospero R. Covar sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 75-87.

Ang Bayani ay Bituin sa Langit ni Dante L. Ambrosio  sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 165-171.

Mula sa internet: www. kasaysayan1.com

Kabanata 4: Pagdating ng mga Espanyol
·        Pamamahala ng Espanya sa Pilipinas
·        Ang Ekonomiya ng Pilipinas sa Ilalim ng Pamumuno ng Espanya
·        Pagbabago ng Lipunan

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp. 69-103.

Aralin 6: Pagbabagong-Anyo ng Bayan nina Ferdinand C. Llanes at Felice Noelle Rodriguez sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 113-128.

Kabanata3: Pamayanang Filipino sa Panahon ng mga Mananakop na Espanyol, 1565-1745 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 55-83.

Kabanata 4: Pagbubuo ng Pambansang Lipunang Filipino, 1745-1892 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M., Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 85-143

Mula sa internet: www. kasaysayan1.com
                              http://www.gov.ph/kalayaan/


Kabanata 5: Ang Pag-usbong ng Nasyonalismong Pilipino
·        Ang Pagsiklab ng Rebolusyon
·        Ang Paghingi ng Reporma
·        Ang Katipunan
·        Transisyon Buhat sa Kolonyalismong Espanyol Tungo sa Panahon ng mga Amerikano( Ang Republika ng Malolos at Ang Pagsisimula ng Imperiyalismo ng Amerika)

Mga Sanggunian:

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp. 132-240.

Constantino, Renato. The Philippines: A Past Revisited Vol.1. Renato Constantion: Quezon City, 1975, 150-173.

Mojares, Resil B. Brains of the Nation. Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes and the Production of Modern Knowledge. Ateneo de Manila University Press: Quezon City, 2006, pp 381-505.

Hermeneutika ng Pakikipagtunggali: Ang Pagpapakahulugan sa Diskurso ng Pakikibakang Panlipunan ni Francis A. Gealogo sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R  Santillan at M.B.P. Conde (Mga Patnugot), 121-147.

Kabanata 5: Ang Himagsikang Filipino at ang Pagkabuo ng Bansang Filipino 1892- 1902 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 143-189.

Aralin 7: Pakikibaka ng Bayan ni Ferdinand C. Llanes ar Rhina Boncocan sa Kabanata 6: Ang Pagbubuklod ng Bansa Laban sa Imperyalismo,  1902-1945 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 128-153.

Aralin 8: Pagtindig ng Haring Bayan sa Himagsikan nina Jaime B. Veneracion at Vicente C. Villan sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 153-164.

The Contradictions Behind the Revolution of 1896 ni Alice C. Guillermo sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 151-157.



Kabanata 6: Ang Pilipinas sa Ilalim ng Estados Unidos: Mga Pagbabago sa Lipunan, Ekonomiya at Pulitika

Mga Sanggunian:

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp. 255-371.

Mojares, Resil B. Brains of the Nation. Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes and the Production of Modern Knowledge. Ateneo de Manila University Press: Quezon City, 2006, pp 381-397.

The Democratic Movement in the Philippines ni Vicent G. Lava sa Historical Bulletin Vol. 31, 1995-Vol. 32, 1996, pp. 125-151.

Kabanata 6: Ang Pagbubuklod ng Bansa Laban sa Imperyalismo,  1902-1945 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 189- 260.

Aralin 9: Pagpapatuloy ng Diwa ng Bayan nina Dante L. Ambrosio at Faina C. Abaya-Ulindang sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 164- 187.

Pantikan at Kasaysayan Noong Dekada 30 ni Noel V. Teodoro sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 215-231.

The Miseducation of the Filipino ni Renato Constantino sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 231-248.

www. kasaysayan1.com



Kabanata 7: Pagsiklab ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pangdaigdig at ang Pagdating ng mga Hapon

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp. 399-439.

Kabanata 6: Ang Pagbubuklod ng Bansa Laban sa Imperyalismo,  1902-1945 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 189- 260.

www. kasaysayan1.com

Kabanata 8: Ang Paggawad ng Kasarinlan hanggang sa Panahon ng Rebolusyon ng Edsa, 1946-1986
           
Sanggunian
Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp.443- 592.

Kabanata 7: Mula sa Pagsasarili Hanggang sa Panahon ng Rebolusyon ng Edsa, 1946-1986 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 269- 327.


Kabanata 9: Ang Pilipinas sa Kasalukuyan: Kontemporaryong Filipinas, 1986 hanggang sa Kasalukuyan


Kabanata 8: Kontemporaryong Filipinas: 1986 Hanggang Kasalukuyan sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 331-346.

Aralin 10: Hamon at Tunguhin ng Bayan nina Atoy M. Navarro ar Edgar B. Rosero sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 187-209.

Symbols of National Identification ni Judith B. Barroquillo sa Historical Bulletin Vol. 31, 1995-Vol. 32, 1996, pp. 62-72.

Unburdening Philippine Society of Colonialism ni Prospero Covar sa 251-256.

PAGLALAGOM


"Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinangalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan."- Jose P. Rizal


Mga Paalala:

1.)    Index card at larawang may sukat na 1x1, isulat ang mga sumusunod:
Pangalan
Edad
Tirahan at Numero
Kurso
Inaasahan sa Klase
2.)    Panatilihin  ang katahimikan at paggalang sa propesor, kapuwa mag-aaral sa loob ng klase.
3.)    Hindi pinahihintulutang magtext. Panatilihing nasa silent mode ang mga cellphone, kung ang tawag ay mahalaga (emergency) humingi ng pahintulot upang lumabas.
4.)    Hindi pinahihintulutang magbuklat ng aklat at gumawa ng mga aktibidad na walang kinalaman sa klase.
5.)    Bawal ang pagkain sa loob ng klase.
6.)    Minumungkahing kumpletuhin ang lahat ng kahingian sa klase tulad ng mga maiiksing pagsuusulit, takdang aralin, at mga proyekto. Ito’y makakatulong sa pagpapataas ng inyong mga marka.

Midterm  Exams
Short Quizzes (50%)
Assignment (20%)
Activity Paper (20%)
Recitation  (10%)
CS TOTAL

Class Standing (60%)
Midterm Exams (40%)
Midterms Total
MIDTERMS TRAMSMUTED
Absences
100
50.00
20.00
20.00
10.00
100.00

60.00
40.00
100
100.00

70
31.67
17.00
15.00
12.00
75.67

45.40
28.00
73
84.00
2
                                                            
Midterm  Exams
Final Exams
Short Quizzes (50%)
Assignment (20%)
Activity/Participation (20%)
Recitation Ave (10%)
TOTAL CLASS STANDING
Class Standing (50%)
Midterm Exams 20%
Final Exams 30%
Finals Total
FINAL TRANSMUTED
100
100
50.00
20.00
20.00
10.00
100.00
50.00
20.00
30.00
100.00
100
70
60
29.33
11.33
16.50
7.00
64.17
32.08
14.00
18.00
64
77