The Gift of Prayer

1 John 5:15 And if we know that He hears us, whatever we ask, we know that we have petitions we have asked of Him."

Prayer is the most beautiful gift from above

It is our weapon in times of danger,

Our way out in times of trouble

It has the power to change the atmosphere...

And even for no reason at all let us utilize prayer to talk to the Father,

To give Him thanks, to give Him praise and to give Him honor.

He loves hearing from us like a parent waiting for a random call or sweet text from their children.

It is a way for us to bond with Him, it need not be long it can only be a few words, a few minutes but certainly He loves to hear from us.

It is normal for us to call to the Father when we have needs and problems; and sometimes answers do not immediately come and we get frustrated. This is understandable but the ways of the Lord is higher than our ways. His knowledge and understanding is above our human capacity. When our prayer requests are not immediately granted sometimes it does not mean NO, instead NOT YET.

When our prayers are not answered it is when FAITH comes in that we BELIEVE we will receive by persevering in our prayers. In my personal experience some of my prayer requests are not immediately given by the Lord, it took a lot of perseverance on my part, patience and hard work.

Hebrews 12:7-12 "Endure hardships as discipline; God is treating you as His children. For what children are not disciplined by their father if you are not disciplined- and everyone undergoes discipline then you are not legitimate, not true sons and daughters at all. Moreover, we have all had human fathers who disciplined us and we respected them for it. How much more should we submit to the Father of spirits and live! They disciplines us for a little while as they thought best; but God disciplines us for our good in order that we may share in his holiness. NO DISCIPLINE seems pleasant at the time, but painful, however it produces a harvest righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it."



Sometimes when we pray we tend to be demanding, and as children asking from the Father, it is important to keep our heart aligned to His will that is we seek Him first before everything else and we love Him above everything else as we offer before His feet our petition. This may seem difficult for some, it was difficult for me especially during my rebellious years but if we desire to seek I guarantee you, you will find Him, He will make ways, He will use your circumstances, send you people until you find Him.

"Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, being watchful to this end with all perseverance and supplication for all the saints." -Ephesians


There are no rules when it comes to prayer, anytime of the day, everywhere we can talk to the Father and invite Him to hear our petitions but if we aim to have a more deeper and more meaningful prayer life there are six steps that can help us pray and invite our Father to influence every aspect of our life. It is a way of working together with God in our lives:

1. PRAY TO THE FATHER IN THE NAME OF JESUS
John 16:23-24 "And in that day you will ask Me nothing. Most assuredly, I say to you, whatever you ask the Father in My name He will give you. Until now you have asked nothing in My name. Ask, and you will receive that your joy may be full."

2. BELIEVE YOU RECEIVE
Mark 11:24 "Therefore I say to you, whatever things you ask when you pray, believe that you receive them, and you will have them."

3. FORGIVE WHEN YOU PRAY
Mark 11:25-26 "And whenever you stand praying if you have anything against anyone, forgive him, that your Father in heaven may also forgive you your trespasses. But if you do not forgive, neither will your Father in heaven forgive your trespasses."

4. DEPEND UPON THE HOLY SPIRIT IN YOUR PRAYER LIFE
Romans 8:26-27 "Likewise the Spirit also helps in our weaknesses. For we do not know what we should pray for as we ought, but the Spirit Himself makes intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered. Now He who searches the hearts know what the mind of the Spirit is, because He makes intercession for the saints according to the will of God."

5. PRAY THE PRAYER OF INTERCESSION
ROMANS 8:26 "Likewise the Spirit also helps in our weaknesses. For we do not know what we should pray for as we ought, but the Spirit Himself makes intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered."

6. EDIFY YOURSELF BY PRAYING IN THE HOLY SPIRIT
Jude 20 "But you, beloved, building yourselves up on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Spirit."
1 Corinthians 14 "He who speaks in a tongue edifies himself but he who prophesies edifies in the church."


When you pray, have the confidence of heart that the Father hears your voice.
One secret to prayer life is to say our prayers in the name of Jesus our Saviour.

John 14:6 "I am the way the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. If you really know me, you will know my Father as wel. From now on, you do know Him and have seen Him."

In the past years before I completely surrendered to the will of the Lord and prior to my decision to follow Jesus, when I pray my heart is always full of anxiety and mostly adamant if the Father truly hears me. There was no certainty in my prayer. There was doubt. I believe because I wanted to believe. It was my mind dictating but my heart does not agree. I did not understand then as I understand now. Reading the words from the Bible helped me understood my faith, and it was such a revelation to be able to believe and to understand at the same time. It is not complicated as I thought it was. To have faith after all is a decision of the heart and not satisfied by logic and reason. It is our core from the heart direct to the Father.

So when approaching God, I remind myself, "Valerie, you are the daughter talking to the Father and because He loves you, He sees the blood of Christ in you; because He sees you and He hears you... You have him... You are heard, You have it."
The Father wants to unburden our load by seeking Him, by asking His help. God does not give us the spirit of fear but the spirit of hope to be able to do things. Hence when we come to the Father it can help us to communicate by beginning with thanksgiving and praise,

"Father,

Thank you for another day to experience the abundance of Your love, grace and mercy.

Each day Father I long for you, I seek for You, in Your presence there I find my peace and contentment.

Thank you for the kindness and compassion of people around me, thank you because indeed the length of Your arms reach the farthest of the far to embrace each and one of Your children. All can experience the warmth of Your embrace. Father please help me to be worthy of all the blessings you are sharing with me.
I know Father that you know my voice,

You know my name,

I love You Father

My contentment is my knowing that You are beside me always

That is all that matters
This I pray in the name of Jesus'

Our Savior and Mighty King

Amen."

Philippians 4:4-7; 10-13, 19-20 REJOICE IN THE LORD

Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say again: Rejoice! Let your gentleness be evident to all. the Lord is near. Do not be anxious about anything but in every situation, by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God which transcends all understanding will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.

Like children talking to our Father, Just ask, believe that God is working in our life. Another secret that I can share if I may is to find someone who you can agree with in prayer.

"Again I say to you that if two of you agree on earth concerning anything that they ask,

it will be done for them by my Father in heaven.- Matthew 18:19"

Just like any activity two heads are better than one. During our times of trouble and distress it is best to seek a close friend or a spiritual advisor who can understand your situation and can pray with you to the Father in Jesus' name.

The following are more verses on prayer:

"Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock and it shall be opened unto you." -Matthew 7:7

"But seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added to you." -Matthew 6:33

"Casting all your care upon Him, for He cares for you."

-1 Pater 5:7

As brothers and sisters in faith, let us encourage and motivate one another that none of our problems can ever be greater and bigger than our God. His arms can stretch the opposite ends of the universe and His works are mighty and His intention for us is always the best. Let us always come to Him for everything that concerns our life. He want to get to know us, let us introduce ourselves to Him through prayer. Prayer is ours let us make the best out of it.





(The Six Most Important Things in Prayer is from Newlife Christian Center www.newlife.ph)



Jesus is Kindess and Compassion

Living in a world diversified by so many languages, different cultures and beliefs it is a great challenge to speak a universal language which will be understood by everyone regardless of ethnicity or race.

But there is one way that can bridge all diversities, binding us together showing that we are all children of the Father, this is the universal language of kindness.

The Word tells us (Colossian 3: 12-17) to clothe yourselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness and patience. Bear with each other and forgive one another. If any of you has a grievance against someone, forgive as the Lord forgive you, and above all these virtues put on LOVE which bonds them all together in perfect unity.

Let the peace of Christ rule in your heart since as members of one body you were called to peace.

Let the message of Christ dwell among you richly as you teach and admonish one another will all wisdom through psalms, hymns and songs from the spirit, singing to God with gratitude in your hearts; and in whatever you do, whether in word of deed, do it all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God, the Father through Him.

Kindness and compassion is Jesus in the act. By all humility and meekness He dwelt among us. The Son of God in flesh and body experienced humanity so that we may relate to kingdom of heaven where we are all made to become citizens in God's time.

Jesus is our bridge, our key , our password which is a direct access and a hotline to dial the Father anytime twenty four hours a day seven days a week. Through Jesus' humanity we get to understand the will of the Father for us as temporary citizens of this world, that is to serve and to love one another as brothers and sisters, as children of one God.


And thus, though as consuming as the worldly tasks are, we are reminded that our real treasures do not lie on material possessions but in spiritual abundance through grace stored up in heaven that do not run out. Hence, in whatever we do, let us work with all our heart as working for the Lord not for human masters, since we know that we will receive an inheritance from the Lord as reward. The reward of eternal life in His presence. A goal we all hope to achieve as followers of Christ.

Let us be reminded that it is the Lord Christ we are serving every time we show an act of kindness to our brothers and sisters in Christ. And anyone who does wrong will be repaid for their wrongs and there is no favoritism we are all made His children and there is not preference in status, gender or age. God does not hear us or recognize us by our status but by our FAITH in Him and by how we follow His command to love one another.  Let us therefore devote ourselves to prayer being watchful and thankful looking out for each other. Let our conversation be always full of grace seasoned with salt so that you may know how to answer everyone.


Let us make Christ Jesus, our advocate in heaven,  real and felt through us by our act of kindness and compassion, a universal language that the whole world can truly understand.

God is Love a Reflection

God is LOVE.
Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God.
Whoever does not love does not know God because God is love.


This is how God showed his love among us. He sent His one and only Son into the world that we might live through Him.

This is LOVE. Not that we loved God but that He loved us and sent His Son as an atoning sacrifice. for our sins. Since God so loved us, we also ought to love one another. No one has ever seen God but if we love one another, God lives in us and His love is made complete in us.


If anyone acknowledges that Jesus is the Son of God, God lives in them and they in God. And so we know and rely on the love God has for us.


God is LOVE. Whoever lives in love lives in God and God in them. This is how love is made complete among us so that we will have confidence on the day of judgment. In this world we are like Jesus. There is NO FEAR IN LOVE. But perfect love drives out fear because fear has to do with punishment. The one who fear is not made perfect in love.


We love because He loved us first.



I used to define love based on feelings and emotions, that passion and yearning to nurture another person and be nurtured in return, there is no denying that these are part and parcel of how we feel love but one thing  we need to understand is that feelings and emotions can change. Even if we promise it to the stars and carve them in stone. It is part of human beings to undergo change and yes oftentimes it involves a change of heart. Depending on the kind of experience we go through in life be it positive or negative and depending on how these experience can affect our emotions in the process.

This is where commitment, faith and prayers come in, that though our feelings change our commitment to love remains faithful just as God is faithful and unconditional in loving us. It is one decision to love which involves a lot of thinking and not just based on feelings. And from this commitment, we fireproof our love for each other to withstand the hardest trials and obstacles.

But one perfect and solid definition that transcends the understanding of the physical and spiritual realm is how LOVE was defined in 1 JOHN 4:7-21. God's love for us is unconditional that though we were sinners from the time of Adam and Eve He loved us and sent His son to redeem us and save us. The kind of love that follows us wherever we go and whatever we do, it is the kind of unchanging love that can complete us and make us whole. And because we are complete based on this love that God has for us we are made capable to share LOVE not because we are lacking but because we are complete.



As followers of Christ may we share our cup that is full. Sharing God's love to one another through kindness and encouragement.Therefore with partners or without partners (to those who are still searching and waiting for the right one), to the blessedly single, we are made full in the love of God through Christ Jesus and with the knowledge of this news we are complete. Our completeness therefore need not be based on another person because we are already complete not by our own strength but by the love of God manifested by death of Christ on the cross, what greater love can there be? To offer His life so that by His death you and I (we) may live.

But to have another person in our life of course is a gift a bonus and that is a wonderful thing. With this understanding then we can share LOVE with one another, with our partner, spouse, friends and even strangers because our cup overflows with the abundance of faith, hope and love that is from above. A kind of love that is perfect. God's love is infinite, wise and trustworthy. His love shall never fail and will be with us for the rest of our days. Let God's love be manifested in our lives through our relationships and in all aspect of our lives. It is our way of receiving and giving of our share of God's kingdom on earth. Share GOD, SHARE HIS LOVE. Let us make God real and felt through LOVE.


(images are from google)

Introduction: His Creation

"Genesis 2: Then the Lord God formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being."

There is a season in every man's life when he shall be born again to live the life God has called for him to live. But in order to live again an old life must be left behind where pain, sorrows and tears can be turned into lesson of hope, faith and love.

This is the promise that God has given us. Each morning is a new day for us to live the life worthy of His unending grace and righteousness. For in His love there is no condemnation but everlasting freedom. The perfect love which is a gift we receive even if we are sinners.

Allow me to share with you a holy experience of God's love, how He changed my heart in ways I never could have imagined. Only when we allow Him to fill our hearts, never will we feel empty again because under His wing we will always, always be filled and fulfilled.

My name is Valerie May, native of Olongapo City, Zambales. My parents are Atty. Sergio P. Cruz (deceased) and Eva M. Cruz. I was born during the EDSA year when Philippine Democracy has just been restored from more than 20 years of Martial Law regime. It was a time full of promise. My parents were just as filled with hope for it took them nearly 15 years before they were blessed with child, a daughter, me.

I was named Valerie. Derived from the French name Valérie or from the Latin Valeria which according to my father means a strong lady. Born to the world without any sibling I was trained by my father to think like a man, to always protect myself. He was almost like a sniper ready to eliminate any threats both real and imaginary.

Contrary to my father's protective love I felt the nurturing, soft and very maternal love of my mother. My second name "May: was attached to my first name, hence Valerie May because my mother's birthmonth is May. One thing I am truly grateful for is my parent's taste for naming a baby. I love my name and could not have imagined being named in any other way. "Strong" is how I believed I grew up to be despite being sheltered as an "only child."

Almost throughout my growing years my parents' support financial, emotional and spiritual motivated me at almost every activity I did as a child. Compared to my contemporaries, I was a late bloomer. In my elementary years I was rather shy and timid. Perhaps still trying to search for a place to fit in and set of friends to belong to. I was awkward around many children for I grew up alone mostly in the company of adults.

Four years went by and I am off to college. A very exciting phase of my life. It is my first-time ever to be away from home. Armed with the trust I have built over the years from my parents and family they allowed me to live alone at a dormitory in Quezon City.

I was enrolled in an exclusive school for girls. Coming from a secondary institution with mixed boys and girls studying in an exclusive school was a major adjustment. Not that I was looking for boys but something in the holistic experience of real-life learning was a part I find missing. After a year of hard work I transferred to UP Diliman where I graduated with a Bachelor's Degree in History. I considered it as a stepping stone to enter law school. I have always remembered wanting to become a lawyer for as young as I could remember and whether I have an explanation or not I just wanted to become a lawyer.

Driven as I was, it was the time when my relationship with the Lord became strained as I became more and more enmeshed with my dream filled with "I". Never had I experienced any defeat yet and as an over achiever ego and pride took over me up to the point that I felt that I can do it alone. My mind knew that He is up there but He was not in my heart. I was just so occupied always busy and that I thought was the measurement of my self-worth.

It was also during this time when I was not able to enter law schools which I initially applied for. I decided to diversify and instead enrolled for MA. It was also one of my passion and so I kept still for two years. But law school has always been in my mind and by the time I was ready  I applied again and I was accepted in Beda Manila.

It was another conquering for me and yes I remembered praying, praying, praying really hard for it. I felt desperate like it was my last trip and if the ship sailed without me it will take another long hiatus before I can get on board. God does hear our prayer, I believe that His great love for me made Him give in to my plea. But boy oh boy! I believe that this time He is ready to give a little disciplining. No, big disciplining that will change my life in ways I never could imagine.

Just when I thought I was strong, Someone up there is infinitely stronger and greater. Allow me to conclude this part with a verse from Proverbs, one of my favorite (Proverb 3: 11-12).

"My son do not despise the Lord's discipline and do not resent his rebuke because the Lord discipline those he loves..."





(To be continued) 



Light of My Heart

Majestic ray of lights fill my sight

In my heart He brings wonderful delight

He lifts my spirit high in magnificent heights

He takes away my burden making it light

In His name I stand with certainty

In His name my heart finds security

In His presence everything has a guarantee

In His embrace I surrender completely

In His name I find conviction

My heart in Him finds freedom

In His name there is no more condemnation

Therefore my hearts sings in celebration

In His name my hearts beats a symphony

In my ears His name creates a melody

Through His presence my body feels harmony
As His hands hold mine so tenderly

In my heart He is a Mighty King

My hand praises Him in writing

My lips worships Him in singing

And my heart loves Him in every beating...

Jesus You are the light of my heart...

Because of You there is light in darkness
There is joy even in loneliness
And faith in hopelessness...


by: Vmmcruz
January 29, 2014

Victor!

The year 2014 will be victorious
2014 is Victor.
Victor is my friend.
I declare in the name of Jesus! 2014 will be victorious
I read from somewhere that one good way to begin the year is to give it a name.
Come up with words that will serve as your banner to help you achieve your goals for the entire year.
Because I hope to conquer fears and overcome challenges for this year, I am naming 2014 "Victor" from the word "victorious" and "victory".

I hope to conquer and overcome not by my own strength but with the strength the Lord has given through His grace, His mercy and and His love.
For my banner I am choosing Valuable, Victorious and Vivacious inspired by the first letter of my name Valerie.
This year I hope to grow deeper in faith.
Less of myself as God increases in my life.
I have decided to follow Jesus and there is no turning back.
By recognizing Jesus' blood in resurrected form, the one who shed blood for you and I, for the world He will reveal Himself to us.
And therefore in name of Jesus, I leave my past, and let its ashes become glorious ruins where the life of Jesus Christ will become resurrected in me.

Therefore I declare,
"I am valuable because God Our Father loves me."
"I am virtuous because I have decided to follow Jesus."
"I am vivacious because the Holy Spirit moves in me."

This year is the year to conquer fears and following dreams. This year will be victorious in Jesus name all in His Honor and in His glory.

The Second Semester of Academic Year 2012-2013 is a remarkable year for San Beda Alabang School of Law because our dear college responded to the call for environmental awareness and consciousness in the legal profession and academic field by offering the course Natural Resources and Environmental Law for sophomore students.

This course is being handled by two of our highly esteemed faculty members:

Ambassador Amado Tolentino known to be the Father of Environmental Law of the Philippines; and

Atty. Antonio Oposa Jr. known for his doctrine of  inter-generational responsibility for children and future generation.

The student body responded to this call with much  passion and zeal, more than just substantial compliance to the course requirements because the pioneering classes paved the way for the creation of the newest organization here at SBCA-SOL, The Environmental Law Society.

Allow me to share with you our so called Green Report Card for the past academic year:

1. San Beda "Organic Vegetable Garden."

2. Interview with Former Senator Nene Pimentel regarding the Role of Local Government Units in the implementation of laws related to the protection and conservation of our environment.

3. National Youth Commission Visitation

4. Clean Air Philippines Visitation

5. Bantayan, Cebu Noise Pollution Case

6. Environmental Action Forum: Be Informed, Be Ignited, Be Involved.

7. Organization Launching

8. Oath-taking of Officers

9. Tie-up with LEON San Beda College of Law, Manila

In the coming days, months, or even years, we hope to organize more environmental related activities in our college so that our student body will not only be just Red Lions but Green Lions as well who are advocates for protection of the air, water, animals, plants and other natural resources from pollution or its effects.

Thank you all and God bless.

CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH: EXAMPLES OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

"Modern environmentalism is driven by a yearning to protect what we haven't ruined already, to conserve what we haven't used up, to restore as much as possible what we haven't destroyed and to drive ways of recognizing our lives so that civilization as we know it can be sustained through our children's life time and beyond  Green Metropolis” -David Owen

What used to be only a figment of the imagination or perhaps a nightmare to the generations of ages ago is now shaking the present generation wide-awake to reality. One hour it is sunny and next thing you will know the rain is pouring, the streets are flooded, and you could not remember whether you brought the umbrella because it is hot outside or it is your contingency plan in case it rains.

Climate Change is now slowly becoming a household term, what used to be the main concern of the environmentalists is now a layman’s term. As much as we would like to turn back the hands of time to erase what has already been done, what we can do for now is to cope and slow down its side effect. Below are some of the adaptation measures being implemented from around the world in order to keep up with climate change.

Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change is vital in order to reduce the impacts of climate change that are happening now and increase resilience to future impacts. [1]Adaptation to global warming is a response to climate change that seeks to reduce the vulnerability of biological systems to climate change effects."[2] Even if emissions are alleviated relatively soon, climate change and its effects will last many years, and adaptation will be necessary.[3] Climate change adaptation is especially important in developing countries since those countries are predicted to bear the burden of the effects of climate change.[4]

1.      The use of artificial snow-making in the European Alps.[5] There is a risk that the unfavourable snow conditions will lead to a decrease in the demand for ski tourism in the European Alps. Many have predicted that for popular resorts to continue running there will be a reliance on artificial snow makers to provide sufficient snow cover for the tourists. However there are significant disadvantages to the extensive use of snow making technology as described by Koenig and Abegg (1997:55): (1) The already existing problem of the lack of water supply for artificial snow-making; (2) Rising temperatures due to global warming will also endanger the snow production; The ecological impacts of artificial snow-making in the alpine area have to be taken in consideration (for example the impacts on the flora and fauna)."[6]

2.      Adaptation Through Local Planning- Local land use and municipal planning represent important avenues for adaptation to global warming. These forms of planning are recognized as central to avoiding the impacts of climate related hazards such as floods and heat stress, planning for demographic and consumption transition, and plans for ecosystem conservation.[7] At the local scale, municipalities are at the coal face of adaptation where impacts are experienced in the forms of inundation, bushfires, heatwaves and rising sea levels.[8] Some examples of these adaptations through local planning are as follows:

a.       Changing to water permeable pavements to absorb higher rainfalls and adding air conditioning in public schools, New York and other cities are involved in similar planning.[9] [10] [11]

b.      Carefully planned water storage could help urban areas adapt to increasingly severe storms by increasing rainwater storage (domestic water butts, unpaved gardens etc.) and increasing the capacity of stormwater systems (and also separating stormwater from blackwater, so that overflows in peak periods do not contaminate rivers).

c.       Changing to heat tolerant tree varieties. [12]

3.      According to English Nature, gardeners can help mitigate the effects of climate change by providing habitats for the most threatened species, and/or saving water by changing gardens to use plants which require less.[13]

4.      Using small planting basins to 'harvest' water in Zimbabwe.[14] It is noted that, in response to increased demand for food and power supplies, many developing country governments with fast-growing economies have recently invested in large dams. The benefits of these projects in terms of storing water for crop irrigation were clear, it said, "but so are the adverse social and environmental impacts." As examples of the value of small-scale storage options, the study cited field studies that have proven the effectiveness of using small planting basins to "harvest" water. In Zimbabwe, such basins have been shown to boost maize yields, whether rainfall is abundant or scarce. In Niger, they have led to three- or four-fold increases in millet yields.[15]

5.      Russian and American scientists have in the past tried to control the weather, for example by seeding clouds with chemicals to try to produce rain when and where it is needed.[16]

6.      Solar radiation management, such as space sunshade, creating stratospheric sulfur aerosols and painting roofing and paving materials white.[17]

7.      Hydrological geoengineering - typically seeking to preserve sea ice or adjust thermohaline circulation by using methods such as diverting rivers to keep warm water away from sea ice, or tethering icebergs to prevent them drifting into warmer waters and melting.[18]

8.      Using the principle of ‘road sharing in particular,” the roads must be transformed to follow the simple principle that “those who have less in wheels must have more in roads” to favor non-motorized transportation system such as cycling and walking and man-powered mini-trains.[19]

9.      Carpooling- Carpooling, using transit, walking, bicycling, or telecommuting–just one day a week for a year–can save typical commuters about 1,200 miles on their vehicles and reduce their CO2 emissions by over half a ton per year.[20]

10.  Telecommute – Work at home sometimes. You'll save time and money, and reduce traffic congestion and CO2 emissions. Americans spend more than 200 hours commuting each year – equal to 5 weeks of vacation! (The average daily round-trip commute takes about 50 minutes.)[21]

---

[1] http://unfccc.int/adaptation/items/4159.php                                                                                                                     

[2] UNFCCC Glossary of Climate Change Acronyms". Accessed October 24, 2010

[3] Farber, Daniel A. Adapting to Climate Change: Who Should Pay"], 23 FLA. ST. U. J. LAND USE & ENVTL. L. 1, 8 (2007)

[4] Cole, Daniel A. "Climate Change, Adaptation, and Development", 26 UCLA J. ENVTL. L. & POL’Y 1, 3 (2008)

[5] “Climate Change Imapct on Tourism” from https://sites.google.com/site/climatechangeimpactsontourism/home/case-study---european-alps, accessed Juloy 13, 2013. The Alps is one of the great mountain ranges located between oceanic and continental Europe, running from Austria and Slovenia through Italy and Switzerland until it reaches Germany and France in the west.  For many alpine areas of the Alps, winter tourism is the predominant form of income, as the Alps is one of the world's most popular destination for skiing holidays.  For example, in Austria tourism is one of the largest forms of industry, often accounting for a large percentage of their GDP annually (Viner and Agnew 1999: 18).  Other than tourism the Alps are a crucial source of water supply for a significant proportion of Europe.  According to a report in 2009 by the European Environment Agency :  'The Alps are responsible for responsible for a disproportionately high contribution to the total discharge of the four major rivers — mainly Danube, Rhine, Po and Rhone — flowing from the region, from 26 % (Danube) to 53 % (Po). Most of the major European rivers have their headwaters in the Alps and their discharge is transported via river systems to lower-lying areas. The Alps are crucial for water accumulation and water supply and therefore they are often referred to as natural 'water towers'. (2009:17) 

[6] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/ in “Climate Change Imapct on Tourism” from https://sites.google.com/site/climatechangeimpactsontourism/home/case-study---european-alps, accessed Juloy 13, 2013.

[7] Local landuse and municipal planning represent important avenues for adaptation to global warming. These forms of planning are recognised as central to avoiding the impacts of climate related hazards such as floods and heat stress, planning for demographic and consumption transition, and plans for ecosystem conservation

[8] Preston, B.L., Brooke, C., Measham, T.G., Smith, T.F., Gorddard, R. (2009) Igniting change in local government: Lessons learned from a bushfire vulnerability assessment. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 14 (3) pp. 251-283 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-008-9163-4

[9] Koch, Wendy (2011-08-15). "Cities combat climate change". USA Today.

[10] Revkin, Andrew C. (2011-05-23). "Cities Embrace the Adaptation Imperative". The New York Times.

[11] http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=all-climate-is-local

[12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_to_global_warming

[13] Jowit, Juliette (2006-06-11). "Gardeners can slow climate change". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 2010-04-23.

[14] Barker, T. (2007). 11.2.2 Ocean fertilization and other geo-engineering options. In (book chapter): Mitigation from a cross-sectoral perspective. In: Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (B. Metz et al. (eds.)). Print version: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. This version: IPCC website. ISBN 978-0-521-88011-4. Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-05.

[15] “Diverse Waters Sources Seen as Key to Food Security” Reporting by Kate Kelland; Editing by Kevin Liffey, http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/09/07/us-climate-water-idUSTRE68500820100907, accessed July 13, 2013.

[16] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_to_global_warming

[17] Ibid.

[18] Ibid.

[19] The Road Sharing Movement Concept Paper.

[20]http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/climate_change/adaptation/resources_and_publications/ten_steps/index.cfm

[21] Ibid.

Cuando Pienso En Ti

Pienso en ti

Tu eres en mi corazon para siempre

Los pensamientos de ustedes me consumen

Lo imposible se hace posible

Lo insoportable se hace soportable

El débil se vuelve fuerte

La difícil se vuelve fácil

La oscuridad se convierte en brillante

La solitaria tenía una que alguien

Porque en mi corazón tú estás conmigo

escrito por Vmmc

Mapanuring papel para sa artikulong: Time, History and The Social Sciences: Braudel

                Ang diskusyon tungkol sa paggamit ng panahon ang isa sa mga pinakama-argumentong paksa ayon kay Fernan Braudel. Pinagdidiskusyonan ang gamit nito hindi lamang ng mga dalubhasa at mag-aaral ng kasaysayan kung hindi pati na rin ng mga nabibilang sa larangan ng Agham Panlipunan.

            Batay sa artikulo, kadalasan naiisang-tabi ang kahalagahan ng mahabang panahon at naitutuon ang pansin sa mga maliliit na pangyayari kung saan higit na kapansin-pansin ang aksyon ng mga kaganapan. Subalit batay sa artikulo na sinasang-ayunan din naman ng mananalaysay mahalaga ang pag-uugnay sa mga maliit na pangyayari mula sa nakalipas upang mas mauunawaan ang kalikasan ng buong kaganapan.

           Noong ika-19 na dantaon nagkaroon ng unti-unti bagaman hindi lubusang pagtiwalag mula sa tradisyonal na historiograpiya. Nakabatay dati-rati sa kronolohiya ng mga panahon ang pagsususulat ng kasaysayan. Subalit nagkaroon ng pagtuon sa mga bagong sentro ng pagsusulat tulad ng na kantitatibong pananaliksik (quantitative research) at pagpapahalaga sa mga istruktura na kabahagi realidad na maaring nanatili o maari rin namang unti-unting naagnas.  

            Kaalinsabay sa pag-aaral ng mga istruktura mahalaga rin ang pagsasagawa ng mga reskonstrukyson Nangangahulugan ito ng malalalimang pagsisiyasat na maaring magpa-simple o kaya naman ay mas lalung magpa-kumplika sa tunay na kalikasan ng mga pangyayari.

            Bukod sa mga diskusyon sa mahaba at maiksing panahon sa kasaysayn, binigyang diskusyon din ni Braudel ang mga umuusbong na methodolohiya sa pagsasalikik sa agham panlipunan tulad ng komunikasyon at matematika. Binigyang diskusyon din niya ang unconscious history na kung saan hindi namamalayan ng tao na kabahagi siya sa pagbuo ng kasaysayan. Mga modelo na nangangahulugang hipotesis at mga sistemang eksplanatoryo na binubuo ng mga pantayan at panksyon gayundin ang panlipunang matematika (social mathematics) na binubuo ng mga pinag-lupon na mga konsepto ng impormasyon, matematika at kalitatibong matematika. Bukod sa mga ito, binigyang talakay din ni Braudel ang kaibahan ng paggamit ng panahon sa kasaysayan at sosyolohiya na bibigyang depenisyon sa mga konspeto sa ibabang bahagi.

            Matapos basahin ang artikulo hindi maitatanggi ang kahalagahan ng panahon sa pag-unawa ng paksa na ating inaaral. Mapapatunayan dito, na hindi maaring baliwalain ang pagpapahalaga sa konteksto ng panahon kahit na kadalasan ay nililimitihan tayo nito. Sapagkat kapag lubusan itong naunawaan, mas maiintindihan ang paksa na inaaral at makatutulong ito upang maiwasan ang mga pag-kiling at maunawaan na ang mga kaganapan sa nakalipas ay maaring pag-aralan subalit hindi maaring husgahan dahil maraming salik ang magkakaiba na hindi maaring ihambing sa kasalukuyang panahon.

MGA KONSPEPTO:

1.PANAHON (TIME)- Binubuo nito hindi lamang ang sustansya ng nakalipas, kinapapalooban din ito ng mga hibla ng buhay panlipunan ng kasalukuyan.

2. MAIKSING PANAHON SA KASAYSAYAN- Panahon batay sa pagkakaunawa ng isang indibidwal , panahon sa pang-araw-araw na buhay, mga panaginip, at mga superpisyal na kamalayan ng nakalipas. Panahon batay sa pagkakaunawa ng mga manunulat sa pahayagan o talaarawan.

3. KASAYSAYAN SA LOOB NG MAHABANG PANAHON- pagtingin sa kasaysayan hindi lamang batay sa mga pangyayari, ginagamitan ito ng pagtanaw hanggang sa ilang daang taon ang nakalipas upang mapag-aralan ang mga institusyon, relihiyon at sibilisasyon.

4. PANAHON PARA SA MGA HISTORYADOR- ang panahon ay ang umpisa at katapusan ng bawat bagay, ang panahon na parehong matematikal at malikhain, isang katangi-tanging nosyon, isang puwersa na nasa labas ng sangkatauhan na kumokontrol na dinadala ang ating mga mga personal na alaala, panahon ng mundo na walang sinuman ang hinihintay.

5. PANAHON PARA SA MGA SOSYOLOHIYA- Ang panlipunang panahon (social time) ay pawing iisang dimension ng kahit anung panlipunang reyalidad na inoobserbahan o pinag-aaralan.

             

Syllabus of Ms. Cruz

Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas

Akademikong Taon,  2013-2014

Inihanda ni:

Bb. Valerie May M. Cruz

MA/BA Kasaysayan UP, Diliman

San Beda College, Alabang

School of Law

Kabanata 1: Pag-aaral ng Kasaysayan: Isang Introduksyon

• Kahulugan ng Kasaysayan
• Kasaysayan ng Kasaysayan
• Kaparaanan ng Kasaysayan
• Kasayasayan bilang Humanidades at Panitikan Bilang Kasaysayan

Sanggunian:

History and Culture, Language and Literature: Selected Essays of Teodoro A. Agoncillo edited by Dr. Bernardita Reyes Churchill.

Philippine History and Institutions In the General Education Program ni Teodoro A. Agoncillo.

Bagong Kasaysayan sa Wikang Filipino: Kalikasan, Kaparaanan at Pagsasakasaysayan ni A.M. Navarro sa Philippine Social Sciences Review Volume 55 Nos. 1-4 January –December 1998, 103-146.

Kabanata 2: Mga Pag-aaral Hinggil sa Pinagmulan ng Pilipinas

·        Ang mga Austronesiano- Paglilinaw ng Konsepto

·        Ang Hypotesis ni Peter Bellwood- Out of Taiwan Hypothesis o OOT

·        Ang Nusantao Maritime Communication Network o NMTCN ni Wilhelm Solheim

Sanggunian:

ARALIN 1 Pagsibol ng Lahing Pilipino at Kapaligiran ni Jaime B. Veneracion at Ma. Luisa L. Bolinao sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 1-14.

Bellwood and Solheim: Models of Neolithic Movements of People in Southeast Asia and the Pacific ni Catherine T. Flessen

Sangguniang elektroniko:

http://www.gov.ph/teodoro-a-agoncillo/

Kabanata 3: Ang Pilipinas Bago Ang Panahon ng Kolonisasyon

·        Ang Kultura at Paraan ng Pamumuhay ng mga Sinaunang Pilipino

·        Ang Pagdating at ang Paglaganap ng Islam

·        Ang Ugnayan sa Pagitan ng mga Sinaunang Pilipino at Iba’t-ibang Grupo ng tao sa Asya Bago ang Pagdating ng mga Espanyol

Sanggunian:

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8^th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp. 21-68.

Aralin 3: Ang Paglilinang ng Kabihasnan at Bayan nina Fe B. Mangahas, Ma. Bernadette G.L. Abrera at Carlos P. Tatel sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 32-59.

Aralin  4: Pagbubuo ng Kalinangan at Kamalayang Bayan nina Regulus P. Tantoco, Ma. Bernadette G.L. Abrera at Dante L. Ambrosio sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 59-88.

Aralin 5: Ang Bayan Hanggang Pagkabuo ng Sultanato nina Noel V. Teodoro at Mary Jane B. Rodriguez sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 88-113.

Class Structure in the UnHispanized Philippines ni William Henry Scott sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 59-73.

Kaalamang Bayang Dalumat ng Pagkatao ng Pilipino ni Prospero R. Covar sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 75-87.

Ang Bayani ay Bituin sa Langit ni Dante L. Ambrosio  sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 165-171.

Mula sa internet: www. kasaysayan1.com

http://www.gov.ph/kalayaan/

Kabanata 4: Pagdating ng mga Espanyol

·        Pamamahala ng Espanya sa Pilipinas

·        Ang Ekonomiya ng Pilipinas sa Ilalim ng Pamumuno ng Espanya

·        Pagbabago ng Lipunan

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8^th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp. 69-103.

Aralin 6: Pagbabagong-Anyo ng Bayan nina Ferdinand C. Llanes at Felice Noelle Rodriguez sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 113-128.

Kabanata3: Pamayanang Filipino sa Panahon ng mga Mananakop na Espanyol, 1565-1745 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 55-83.

Kabanata 4: Pagbubuo ng Pambansang Lipunang Filipino, 1745-1892 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M., Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 85-143

Mula sa internet: www. kasaysayan1.com

                              http://www.gov.ph/kalayaan/

Kabanata 5: Ang Pag-usbong ng Nasyonalismong Pilipino

·        Ang Pagsiklab ng Rebolusyon

·        Ang Paghingi ng Reporma

·        Ang Katipunan

·        Transisyon Buhat sa Kolonyalismong Espanyol Tungo sa Panahon ng mga Amerikano( Ang Republika ng Malolos at Ang Pagsisimula ng Imperiyalismo ng Amerika)

Mga Sanggunian:

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8^th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp. 132-240.

Constantino, Renato. The Philippines: A Past Revisited Vol.1. Renato Constantion: Quezon City, 1975, 150-173.

Mojares, Resil B. Brains of the Nation. Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes and the Production of Modern Knowledge. Ateneo de Manila University Press: Quezon City, 2006, pp 381-505.

Hermeneutika ng Pakikipagtunggali: Ang Pagpapakahulugan sa Diskurso ng Pakikibakang Panlipunan ni Francis A. Gealogo sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R  Santillan at M.B.P. Conde (Mga Patnugot), 121-147.

Kabanata 5: Ang Himagsikang Filipino at ang Pagkabuo ng Bansang Filipino 1892- 1902 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 143-189.

Aralin 7: Pakikibaka ng Bayan ni Ferdinand C. Llanes ar Rhina Boncocan sa Kabanata 6: Ang Pagbubuklod ng Bansa Laban sa Imperyalismo,  1902-1945 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 128-153.

Aralin 8: Pagtindig ng Haring Bayan sa Himagsikan nina Jaime B. Veneracion at Vicente C. Villan sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 153-164.

The Contradictions Behind the Revolution of 1896 ni Alice C. Guillermo sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 151-157.

Kabanata 6: Ang Pilipinas sa Ilalim ng Estados Unidos: Mga Pagbabago sa Lipunan, Ekonomiya at Pulitika

Mga Sanggunian:

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8^th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp. 255-371.

Mojares, Resil B. Brains of the Nation. Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes and the Production of Modern Knowledge. Ateneo de Manila University Press: Quezon City, 2006, pp 381-397.

The Democratic Movement in the Philippines ni Vicent G. Lava sa Historical Bulletin Vol. 31, 1995-Vol. 32, 1996, pp. 125-151.

Kabanata 6: Ang Pagbubuklod ng Bansa Laban sa Imperyalismo,  1902-1945 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 189- 260.

Aralin 9: Pagpapatuloy ng Diwa ng Bayan nina Dante L. Ambrosio at Faina C. Abaya-Ulindang sa Kasaysayang Bayan Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino, (ADHIKA ng Pilipinas National Historical Institute, 2005), 164- 187.

Pantikan at Kasaysayan Noong Dekada 30 ni Noel V. Teodoro sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 215-231.

The Miseducation of the Filipino ni Renato Constantino sa Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Piliping Akda Ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan nina N.M.R. Santillan at M.B.P Conde (mga patnugot), 231-248.

www. kasaysayan1.com

http://www.gov.ph/kalayaan/

Kabanata 7: Pagsiklab ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pangdaigdig at ang Pagdating ng mga Hapon

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8^th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp. 399-439.

Kabanata 6: Ang Pagbubuklod ng Bansa Laban sa Imperyalismo,  1902-1945 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 189- 260.

www. kasaysayan1.com

http://www.gov.ph/kalayaan/

Kabanata 8: Ang Paggawad ng Kasarinlan hanggang sa Panahon ng Rebolusyon ng Edsa, 1946-1986

           

Sanggunian

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People 8^th Ed. Garotech Publishing: Quezon City, 1990, pp.443- 592.

Kabanata 7: Mula sa Pagsasarili Hanggang sa Panahon ng Rebolusyon ng Edsa, 1946-1986 sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 269- 327.

Kabanata 9: Ang Pilipinas sa Kasalukuyan: Kontemporaryong Filipinas, 1986 hanggang sa Kasalukuyan

Kabanata 8: Kontemporaryong Filipinas: 1986 Hanggang Kasalukuyan sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 331-346.

Aralin 10: Hamon at Tunguhin ng Bayan nina Atoy M. Navarro ar Edgar B. Rosero sa Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga Institusyong Filipino nina Gripaldo, Eden M, Boquiren Rowena R., et. al, (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 2009), 187-209.

Symbols of National Identification ni Judith B. Barroquillo sa Historical Bulletin Vol. 31, 1995-Vol. 32, 1996, pp. 62-72.

Unburdening Philippine Society of Colonialism ni Prospero Covar sa 251-256.

PAGLALAGOM

"Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinangalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan."- Jose P. Rizal

Mga Paalala:

1.)    Index card at larawang may sukat na 1x1, isulat ang mga sumusunod:

Pangalan

Edad

Tirahan at Numero

Kurso

Inaasahan sa Klase

2.)    Panatilihin  ang katahimikan at paggalang sa propesor, kapuwa mag-aaral sa loob ng klase.

3.)    Hindi pinahihintulutang magtext. Panatilihing nasa silent mode ang mga cellphone, kung ang tawag ay mahalaga (emergency) humingi ng pahintulot upang lumabas.

4.)    Hindi pinahihintulutang magbuklat ng aklat at gumawa ng mga aktibidad na walang kinalaman sa klase.

5.)    Bawal ang pagkain sa loob ng klase.

6.)    Minumungkahing kumpletuhin ang lahat ng kahingian sa klase tulad ng mga maiiksing pagsuusulit, takdang aralin, at mga proyekto. Ito’y makakatulong sa pagpapataas ng inyong mga marka.

Midterm  Exams	Short Quizzes (50%)	Assignment (20%)	Activity Paper (20%)	Recitation  (10%)	CS TOTAL		Class Standing (60%)	Midterm Exams (40%)	Midterms Total	MIDTERMS TRAMSMUTED	Absences
100	50.00	20.00	20.00	10.00	100.00		60.00	40.00	100	100.00
70	31.67	17.00	15.00	12.00	75.67		45.40	28.00	73	84.00	2

                                                            

Midterm  Exams	Final Exams	Short Quizzes (50%)	Assignment (20%)	Activity/Participation (20%)	Recitation Ave (10%)	TOTAL CLASS STANDING	Class Standing (50%)	Midterm Exams 20%	Final Exams 30%	Finals Total	FINAL TRANSMUTED
100	100	50.00	20.00	20.00	10.00	100.00	50.00	20.00	30.00	100.00	100
70	60	29.33	11.33	16.50	7.00	64.17	32.08	14.00	18.00	64	77